Witkowski SM, de Castro EM, Nagashima S, et al. - Via selecting 32 cases of neonatal autopsies who presented between 1991 and 2005 from the Pathology Department of the Clinics Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, researchers sought to assess the role of interleukins 6, 8, 10, and 17 through the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study of the lungs of premature neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Participants in the study were neonates less than 34 weeks of gestational age who had oxygen therapy and had pulmonary formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Antibodies chosen for the study were anti-IL-6, anti-IL-8, anti-IL-10, and anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibodies. In the group without BPD, IL-17A had higher tissue immunoreactivity compared with the classic BPD group. Findings suggested that the involvement of interleukins 6, 8, and 10 may not be significantly different between the two types of BPD. The authors hypothesized that, in this disease, IL-17A may be a protective factor.