Shaker M, et al. - Researchers compared the cost-effectiveness of activating emergency medical services (EMS) immediately after epinephrine use for allergic reactions to peanut, relative to a watchful waiting approach before activating EMS. The base-case model assumed a 10-fold increased fatality risk with delayed EMS activation. They observed minimal benefit and excessive costs associated with medical observation of a treated and promptly resolved peanut allergic reaction. In this context, no cost-efficacy was seen with immediate activation of EMS after using epinephrine for a peanut allergic reaction.