Davis AK, et al. - The purpose of this trial was to assess the acceptability of non-abstinence as a final outcome goal for clients with co-occurring substance use and other psychiatric disorders. Such clients wishing to moderate their substance use would note that their counselor did not accept that outcome goal. Because supporting non-abstinence respected client autonomy, it could attract and retain clients in counseling. It appeared to be consistent with a recovery-oriented treatment model. Continuing education regarding the benefits of non-abstinence, as a therapeutic goal for clients with co-occurring disorders, was recommended.