Mu J, et al. - Given that the brain–kidney crosstalk theory proposed that the brain and kidneys may be considered end organs on parallel trajectories and subject to shared risk factors, which are receiving increasing attention, researchers aspired to explore whether cognitive control impairment is concerned with brain–kidney crosstalk. Diffusion tensor imaging was collected in 64 healthy controls (HCs) and 64 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to identify the association between ESRD and cognitive control impairment. The findings from the present study suggested that the anterior cingulum was associated with cognitive control deficits and mediated the impact of hemoglobin on cognitive control.