Motavalli R, Etemadi J, Soltani-Zangbar MS, et al. - Researchers assessed the balance of Th17 and Treg (regulatory T) cells, expression level of associated master transcription factors, cytokines as well as microRNAs in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood of 30 patients suffering from idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and 30 healthy people prior to treatment. The absence of significant variation in Th17 cell frequency, retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan nuclear receptor γt, signal transducer and Activator of transcription 3, IL-17, and IL-23 was reported, while IL-21, IL-4, and IL-10 were identified to have significant rise in mRNA expression and protein level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in IMN patients. Overall, there might be no participation of Th17 cells themselves in the pathogenesis of newly diagnosed patients with IMN; however, reduced T reg cells and elevated ratio of Th17/Treg lymphocytes might demonstrate a role in the pathogenesis of IMN prior to treatment.