Mihailovic N, Leclaire MD, Eter N, et al. - This study was undertaken to investigate the retinal microvascular density applying optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Researchers enrolled 19 eyes of 19 patients with SLE (study group) without HCQ retinopathy and 19 eyes of 19 healthy subjects (control group). They categorized study group into patients applying HCQ for > 5 years (high-risk group) and < 5 years (low-risk group). They extracted and examined VD data of the 3 × 3 mm OCT angiogram of the superficial capillary plexus and the choriocapillaris, the foveal avascular zone area and the central retinal thickness. It was found that in both groups, SLE patients exhibited a reduced VD. HCQ might have a protective effect on retinal microvasculature in patients treated with HCQ < 5 years. In patients with SLE, analysis of retinal microvascular density applying OCTA could be beneficial in the diagnosis and monitoring of vascular alteration.