Holcar M, et al. - This study explored Th subsets, STAT1/STAT5 signaling response, and cytokine profiles of systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Applying flow cytometry and immunoassay on a biochip ,researchers assessed FOXP3+ regulatory (Treg) and effector Th subsets, expression and phosphorylation of STAT1/STAT5 in Th, and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of patients with cSLE and healthy controls (HC). The data imply that the key difference in Treg homeostasis between cSLE and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) is in the rTreg subset. Nevertheless, perturbed aTreg homeostasis, raised levels of STAT1 protein, and homeostatic STAT5 signaling seem to be intrinsic characteristics of the disease, present in cSLE and aSLE alike.