Gilligan AM, et al. – The researchers compared all–cause and stroke– and bleed–specific healthcare costs among patients with non–valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) treated with dabigatran or warfarin. Compared to those receiving warfarin, patients receiving dabigatran had significantly lower total all–cause, inpatient, and outpatient costs but higher pharmacy costs. Moreover, in dabigatran users, stroke–specific total and outpatient costs and bleed–specific total and inpatient costs were significantly lower compared with warfarin users.