Lee CY, et al. - Considering the significance of assessing the current trends in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related opportunistic illnesses (AOIs)-related morbidity/mortality in improving patient care and optimizing current public health strategies to further reduce AOIs in Taiwan in the era of contemporary highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), researchers determined the epidemiology of AOIs in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Taiwan in the past decade. They evaluated eligible patients at two referral centers between 2010 and 2015, and identified that over a mean observation period of 469 days, 1264 patients with newly diagnosed HIV (mean age:29 years and mean CD4 count: 275 cells/μL experienced 394 AOI episodes in 290 events. Observations revealed that early HIV care in Taiwan continues to be critically affected by AOI-related morbidity and mortality in the era of contemporary HAART, despite efforts toward HIV prevention and management. They suggest the necessity of additional targeted interventions for earlier diagnosis of patients with HIV.