Baldwin JR, et al. – Via performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 unique studies including 25,471 participants, researchers assessed the agreement between prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment. Overall, the investigators found poor agreement between the aforementioned measures, with Cohen κ=0.19. Specifically, they noted that, on average, 52% of individuals with prospective observations of childhood maltreatment did not retrospectively report it. Similarly, 56% of individuals retrospectively reporting childhood maltreatment did not have concordant prospective observations. Thus, the two measures cannot be used interchangeably to examine the associated health outcomes and risk mechanisms.