Ryu G, Dhong HJ, Park M, et al. - To define age-related shifts in immunologic profiles according to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) subtypes, researchers undertook this inquiry among subjects in control (n = 29), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP, n = 86), and CRS with nasal polyps (eosinophilic NP: ENP, n= 81; non-eosinophilic NP: NENP, n = 113). In homogenates of sinonasal tissues, 20 markers for type 1/2/3 inflammation as well as other inflammatory processes were measured. An inverse relationship with age was demonstrated by type 2/3 and proinflammatory mediators in control tissues. Between CRS subtypes and control tissues, a variation in age-related cytokine changes was evident. A drop in the type 3 mediators and a rise in type 2 mediators was shown by CRSsNP and NENP, whereas type 3 mediators raised with age in ENP. The age-associated reduction in type 3 mediators was related to those of CT scores in NENP. Age-related rises in type 1/2/3 mediators, as well as CT scores, were shown by smokers with ENP.