Akoum N, et al. – This investigation was meant to assess the possibility of advancing age and female sex to be associated with higher atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation (AF). Findings demonstrated that in patients with AF, advancing age and female sex were related to a higher burden of atrial fibrosis. Also, a positive history of stroke in women was associated with higher fibrosis, in contrast to both women and men without history of stroke. It was observed that advanced fibrosis might explain the female and age association with stroke in AF.