Yang MC, et al. - In this retrospective cohort study, researchers investigated how the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was influenced by inhalation aerosol therapy. This investigation was run at a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Excluding infants with severe congenital anomalies, all preterm infants with gestational age (GA) of 24~29 weeks receiving invasive intubation for more than 1 week in the NICU were included in this study. An association with sex, GA, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and ROP was demonstrated by inhalation in univariate analyses. Furthermore, inhalation therapy was identified as an independent risk factor for ROP in logistic regression analysis. A higher risk of ROP was observed in infants with a GA of 24~25 weeks and 26~27 weeks vs those with a GA of 28~29 weeks. Findings revealed a link between aerosol therapy with pure oxygen delivery and ROP. Exercising great caution when administering aerosol therapy with excess oxygen in mechanically ventilated preterm infants was recommended for clinicians.