Bourgoin L, et al. - During this trial, an exploration was conducted of the intravenous atropine plus ketamine administration for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants before less invasive surfactant administration (LISA), in terms of its efficacy and tolerance. Low pain scores and stable haemodynamic parameters were achieved via atropine plus ketamine before LISA. However, prolonged desaturations or apnoea leading to tracheal intubation were also noted often.