Hu X, et al. - Researchers investigated the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative radiology and radical surgery in a cohort of rectal cancer patients with ypTis-2N0M0 classification. They used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and utilized a propensity score model to balance baseline covariates. No benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was found in this patient population. In a Cox model, it was confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy was not a significant prognostic factor in ypTis-2N0 rectal cancer. Irrespective of variations of T stage, histological type, grade, lymph nodes and tumor size, no survival benefit was seen with adjuvant chemotherapy. These results offered new insight into the routine use of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with rectal cancer with completed neo-adjuvant radiotherapy and curative surgery.