Antoniazzi L, Arroyo-Olivares R, Bittencourt MS, et al. - This study was intended to assess the relationship of adherence to a Mediterranean diet with biomarkers of dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation in molecularly proven familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) adults from Brazil (BR) and Spain (SP). Researchers evaluated a cross-sectional study adherence to the Mediterranean diet by a validated score and generalized estimating equations were applied to assess its correlation with plasma LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein-B, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations. Researchers enrolled 92 (mean age 45 years, 58.7% females) and 98 FH individuals (mean age 46.8 years, 60.2% females) respectively from BR and SP. It was shown that the higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was correlated with better dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation profiles in FH.