Fox MP, et al. - Researchers compared outcomes among individuals who took part in Adherence Clubs (ACs) or who received Decentralized Medication Delivery (DMD) at 12 intervention sites vs those eligible for ACs or DMD at 12 control sites. At one year, the 275 AC patients had better retention at 1 year vs the 294 controls, especially men; sustained viral suppression was similar between the two groups at 1 year. The 232 patients who received DMD had lower retention in care vs 346 controls (though medication pick-up data not reaching clinics may account for this), and viral suppression was similar overall. Men on DMD had improved viral suppression. Similar DMD outcomes vs standard of care at facilities, an advantage for retention for patients in care with ACs, and advantages in terms of retention (for AC patients) and sustained viral suppression (for DMD patients) among men seemed to be the outcomes. Moreover, the cost of all five African government implemented Chronic Disease Adherence Guidelines interventions and possible impacts on decreasing clinic congestion should be examined.