Rafii MS, et al. - This study examined if stereotactically guided intracerebral injections of adeno-associated viral vector (serotype 2)–nerve growth factor (AAV2-NGF) were well tolerated and if they illustrated the preliminary evidence of impact on cognitive decline in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-associated dementia. Data shed light on the feasibility of sham-surgery–controlled stereotactic gene delivery studies in the study cohort. It was deduced that AAV2-NGF delivery was well-tolerated but did not influence the clinical outcomes or selected AD biomarkers.