Quek KH, et al. - In order to test the hypothesis that the addition of a PECS II block would improve anaesthesia and analgesia for proximal arm arteriovenous access surgery, researchers investigated if intraoperative local anaesthetic supplementation was needed in adults with end-stage renal disease who received either a combined supraclavicular and PECS II block, or combined supraclavicular and sham block for proximal arm arteriovenous access surgery. Overall, improved regional anaesthesia was achieved with the addition of a PECS II block to a supraclavicular block. Between the groups, postoperative visual analogue scale pain scores, time to first rescue analgesia or patient satisfaction did not differ significantly.