Qiu T, et al. - The researchers carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationships between acid-suppressive drugs and kidney disease (KD). They searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and three Chinese databases until April 2017 for observational studies examining the connections between acid-suppressive drugs and KD. Using the generic inverse variance method and random-effect model pooled log (odds ratios [ORs]) or log (hazard ratios [HRs]) with standard errors for KD risk were calculated. The findings suggested that proton pump inhibitor therapy significantly increased the risks of acute interstitial nephritis, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). They did not identify similar risks for histamine 2 receptor antagonist (H₂RA) therapy.