Lissauer D, et al. - In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, authors examined 3412 subjects in Malawi, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Uganda to estimate the consequences of antibiotic prophylaxis in the risk of pelvic infection (1705 cases were given antibiotics vs 1707 to receive placebo). They defined the pelvic infection by the presence of 2 or more of 4 clinical characteristics ie, purulent vaginal discharge, pyrexia, uterine tenderness, and leukocytosis, or by the presence of one of these features and the clinically identified need to administer antibiotics. They recorded a 4.1% risk of pelvic infection in the antibiotics group vs 5.3% in the placebo group. They recorded comparable pelvic infection as per the original strict criteria ie, 1.5% and 2.6% in antibiotics vs placebo group, respectively.