Engdahl J, et al. - Researchers determined the population-level effect of systematic atrial fibrillation (AF) screening on long-term adherence to oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment, AF symptoms, and stroke incidence. Study participants all lived in a Swedish municipality and were born in 1934 and 1935. Five-year follow-up was carried out in participants with a previously known or screening-detected AF. High adherence to OAC treatment was reported 5-years after AF screening. The natural course of silent AF was similar to that of symptomatic AF. An beneficial population-level effect of systematic AF screening was inferred by the observed incidences of ischemic stroke.