Puttarajappa CM, et al. - Using decision analysis, the authors assessed the utility of postprophylaxis screening for late-onset cytomegalovirus infection. Screening for postprophylactic cytomegalovirus viremia was associated with gains in quality-adjusted life-years and seemed to be cost-effective in cytomegalovirus high-risk kidney transplant recipients compared with no screening. The most cost-effective strategy was the strategy of screening every 2 weeks, across a wide range of willingness to pay thresholds.