Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, et al. - Considering the similarity in presentation between bacterial and viral infections, researchers performed a comparison of a host-protein signature (comprising tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand [TRAIL], interferon gamma-induced protein-10 [IP-10], and C-reactive protein [CRP]) with other biomarkers in terms of their diagnostic performance in patients with respiratory infection and fever without source. Findings suggested the superiority of the host-protein signature for diagnosing bacterial vs viral infections in these patients vs CRP, procalcitonin, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, interleukin-6, and human neutrophil lipocalin and their currently used combinations.