Wagstaff A, et al. - Experts measured service coverage by a weighted geometric average of four prevention indicators (antenatal care, full immunization, and screening for breast and cervical cancers) and four treatment indicators (skilled birth attendance, inpatient admission, and treatment for acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea), financial protection by the incidence of catastrophic health expenses (those exceeding 10% of household consumption or income), and a country's universal health coverage (UHC) performance as a geometric average of the service coverage index and the complement of the incidence of catastrophic expenditures. Using an index that captures both service coverage and financial protection, progress towards UHC could be tracked. However, per-capita income is a good prognosticators of a country's UHC index score, in the same income group or even in the income group above their own, some countries perform superior to others. Moreover, robust UHC performance was related to the share of a country's health budget that was channeled through government and social health insurance approaches.