Wilkinson MAC, et al. - The goal of this study was to determine whether there is any difference in efficacy between the two active ingredients [isopropanol (IPA) or ethanol (EtOH)] in the liquid, gel and foam formats of alcohol based hand rubs. In addition, researchers carried out an assessment of the drying time. they tested two non-commercial, ‘standard’ formulations in each format, one containing 60% IPA, the other 80% EtOH. Findings suggested no difference in efficacy and only moderate difference in drying time, thus they proposed that ABHR in liquid, foam or gel format could be appropriate provided that the specific product passes the required efficacy and safety standards.