Shams Z, et al. - Researchers performed a comparison of two commonly used methods (quantitative R1 and T1w/T2w ratio) to perform cortical mapping based on myelination of the human neocortex. From a young cohort, they obtained T1w/T2w and R1 maps with matched total acquisition times in randomized order and using a test–retest design. Via the two methodologies, cortical myelin maps were obtained with the magnification of similar anatomical features, namely primary sensory regions known to be myelin rich. Compared to R1 maps, T1w/T2w maps exhibited enhanced robustness to movement artifacts, while both methods were comparable in the test re-test reproducibility. Having parcellated cortical myelin maps into VDG11b areas of 4a, 4p, 3a, 3b, 1, 2, V2, and middle temporal, identical behavior of both methods was observed with R1 displaying an increased variability between subjects. This increased variability between subjects is suggested to be related to relevant tissue variability when the test re-test evaluation was assessed in combination. The R1 and T1w/T2w regions displayed a high level of correlation, with regions of higher deviations being co-localized with those where the transmit RF field deviated most from its nominal value. In studying different population cohorts where cortical properties are expected to be altered, they suggest preferring R1 mapping strategies while T1w/T2w mapping seems to be worthwhile when performing cortical based segmentation.