Lin JQ, Li SQ, Li S, et al. - According to real-world findings, use of ruxolitinib in polycythemia (PV) or myelofibrosis (MF) patients conferred an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurrence, and thus skin cancer monitoring should be considered in such cases.

• Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) occurrence with ruxolitinib has been reported in PV or MF patients in clinical trials.

• A 10-year retrospective cohort of PV or MF patients was matched on age, gender, race, Charlson comorbidity index, disease diagnosis, and follow-up time.

• Participants were 564 patients (188 exposed to ruxolitinib for at least 4 weeks, 376 unexposed).

• The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for NMSC was 2.69 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.03-7.02) in ruxolitinib-exposed PV or MF patients.

• Ruxolitinib use was related to SCC, HR=3.24, with non-JAK2 mutated patients demonstrating even higher SCC risk, HR=7.40.