Letica-Kriegel AS, et al. - Till date, only in this study, the outcomes for patients with malignant mesothelioma in both the pleural and peritoneal cavities were investigated. Fifty patients examined in this retrospective study had the median overall survival of 33.9 months from the initial intervention. Independent predictors of overall survival were female gender and intraperitoneal dwell chemotherapy. Researchers noted a survival benefit over palliative treatment in well-selected patients with both pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma that is comparable with that seen in single-cavity disease. Multimodality treatment that aimed at prolonging survival is not contraindicated by the presence of disease in both cavities, whether the disease is diagnosed synchronously or metachronously. Within the first year after diagnosis, patients with an initial diagnosis of single cavity disease are at highest risk for identification of second-cavity disease.