Aisa MC, Barbati A, Cappuccini B, et al. - Researchers conducted the study for determining the possible role of 3-D ultrasonography (3-DUS) volumes of whole brain, thalamus, frontal cortex and cerebellum, measured at postnatal days 30–40, as early predictors of long-term risk for neurobehavioral disorders. A heterogeneous population of full-term, preterm, IUGR and preterm IUGR (pre-IUGR) born individuals (n = 334) was followed from postnatal days 30–40 to the second year of life, characterized by gestational age and birth weight in the ranges 24–41 wk and 860–4000 g, respectively. Cerebral volumes were strictly and significantly lower in infants with a negative outcome, and diagnostic accuracy was excellent. The 3-DUS volume of the whole brain, thalamus, frontal cortex, or cerebellum in neonates may be an early predictor of neurobehavioral disorders later in life.