Cattaruzza MS, et al. - In this case–control study with 137 incident cases of melanoma (serum samples collected at the time of diagnosis) and 99 healthy controls (serum samples collected between October and April), researchers examined the link between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum levels and the risk of cutaneous melanoma. An inverse link between melanoma and vitamin D sufficiency vs deficiency was shown in a multivariate model including age, sex, and BMI; this link was statistically significant. Findings also revealed a significant inverse association of vitamin D insufficiency vs deficiency, with melanoma. Overall, associations of both deficient and insufficient serum levels of vitamin D with melanoma were evident. There appeared a trend suggestive of an attenuated risk of melanoma when vitamin D approached normal values.