Bonasso PC, et al. - Diagnoses associated with 24-hour and 30-day perioperative mortality in pediatric surgery were determined via retrospectively reviewing the 2012-2015 Pediatric Participant Use Data File (PUF). Researchers performed statistical comparisons between survivors and nonsurvivors and between those with 24-hour and 30-day mortality using Fischer’s exact tests. Findings revealed a low overall pediatric surgical operative mortality rate, perioperative deaths, however, in largest proportion were observed secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In view of the high immediate mortality, they suggest targeting optimization of operative care for septic patients with NEC.