Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is making headlines this week after India confirmed two infections at a Bengaluru hospital on January 6—a 3-month-old girl and an 8-month-old boy. [1] This adds to concerns following recent reports of an outbreak in China and a subsequent surge in Malaysia. 

Industry buzz

"Relax, everyone. If you’re old enough to be on Reddit, you already have HMPV. [...] This isn’t a novel virus. It’s a seasonal virus, and if this year’s spike is slightly higher than in years past, it’s still not at a level that suggests anything like SARS-CoV-2."

— Reddit user @MikeGinnyMD

"What I remember about Covid is how much everyone tried to downplay it before the official stance changed to, it's really [...] bad. Originally only on fringe [social media] was it being discussed as bad as it ended up being."

— Reddit user @Icy_Reflection_7825

HMPV explainer

HMPV is a respiratory virus from the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It typically causes mild, flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, and nasal congestion.

HMPV is not a new virus, having been identified in 2001, but its recent surge highlights the importance of awareness and preparedness.

Outbreaks of HMPV generally occur during colder months, aligning with seasonal peaks for other respiratory viruses. Despite its prevalence, it is often categorised under the broader “common cold” umbrella and is not classified as a notifiable disease, unlike influenza or COVID-19.

While experts believe the outbreak won’t reach pandemic levels, the uptick in cases has sparked fears of a possible health emergency and raised questions about how serious the situation might become.[2]

Why the recent concern?

The recent surge in HMPV cases in China, Malaysia, and now India has brought the virus into the spotlight. While some online discussions have raised fears reminiscent of the early days of COVID-19, public health officials have been quick to dispel alarmist claims.

The alarm can be tied to a now-viral video being shared on social media, showing Chinese hospitals overwhelmed with respiratory illness outbreaks, a setting reminiscent of the 2020 surge in COVID-19 cases.[3]

Some say the increase in reported cases can be partially attributed to advancements in diagnostic tools, which now make it easier to detect HMPV, and heightened post-pandemic vigilance around respiratory illnesses. However, the clustering of cases in specific regions has underscored the importance of prevention and awareness.

Assessing the risks

For most people, HMPV causes manageable symptoms that resolve within a few days of rest. However, physicians should remain vigilant for more severe cases among high-risk groups.

A key distinction is that HMPV is not a novel virus. Unlike COVID-19, HMPV has circulated for decades, allowing the global population to build a degree of immunity. This significantly reduces the likelihood of pandemic-level spread.

Practical prevention strategies

Encouraging patients to adopt simple precautions can make a meaningful difference:

1. Stay home when sick: Discourage attending work or social gatherings while symptomatic.
2. Practice good hygiene: Regular handwashing and proper sneeze/cough etiquette remain vital.
3. Consider masks: For those who must go out while ill, wearing a mask can protect others, particularly vulnerable individuals.

Disclaimer: This story is contributed by MDLinx staff and is a part of our Global Content Initiative, where we feature selected stories from our Global network which we believe would be most useful and informative to our doctor members.