1. A 32-year-old woman presents for her annual well-woman exam. She is sexually active with multiple partners and has a history of smoking. Her last Pap smear was two years ago and was normal. What is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

• Repeat Pap smear in 3 years
• HPV testing alone
• Co-testing with Pap smear and HPV testing
• Colposcopy

2. A 45-year-old woman undergoes co-testing (Pap smear and HPV testing) during her routine checkup. Her Pap smear results return as ASC-US (atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance), and her HPV test is positive for a high-risk HPV type. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

• Repeat co-testing in one year
• Colposcopy
• HPV genotyping
• LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure)

3. A 28-year-old woman was referred to a gynaecologist after her most recent Pap smear showed HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). She has no significant medical history and has never had a colposcopy. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?

• Repeat Pap smear in 6 months
• Colposcopy with biopsy
• HPV testing
• Cone biopsy

4. A 68-year-old woman has not had cervical cancer screening in over 20 years. She comes to your clinic for a checkup. She is generally healthy and reports no concerns related to gynaecological health. What is the most appropriate course of action regarding cervical cancer screening for this patient?

• Perform co-testing (Pap smear and HPV testing) as she is overdue for screening.
• Begin routine co-testing at age 70.
• No cervical cancer screening is necessary if she has no symptoms.
• Perform HPV testing alone, followed by a Pap smear if HPV is positive.

5. A 35-year-old woman with a history of HIV presents for a routine checkup. She is on antiretroviral therapy and has a well-controlled viral load. Her last Pap smear was a year ago and was normal. What is the appropriate cervical cancer screening interval for this patient?

• Co-testing every three years
• Co-testing every five years
• Annual Pap smear
• Annual Pap smear with HPV testing