Animal study reveals that cardiosphere–derived cells secrete tiny vesicles that could 'turn back the clock' for age–related heart conditions.
Cardiac stem cell infusions could someday help reverse the aging process in the human heart, making older ones behave younger, according to a new study from the Cedars–Sinai Heart Institute.

"Our previous lab studies and human clinical trials have shown promise in treating heart failure using cardiac stem cell infusions," said Eduardo Marbán, MD, PhD, director of the Cedars–Sinai Heart Institute and the primary investigator of the study. "Now we find that these specialized stem cells could turn out to reverse problems associated with aging of the heart."

The study was published by the European Heart Journal.

In the study, investigators injected cardiosphere–derived cells, a specific type of stem cell, from newborn laboratory rats into the hearts of rats with an average age of 22 months, which is considered aged. Other laboratory rats from the same age group were assigned to receive placebo treatment, saline injections instead of stem cells. Both groups of aged rats were compared to a group of young rats with an average age of 4 months.

Baseline heart function was measured in all rats, using echocardiograms, treadmill stress tests and blood analysis. The group of older rats underwent an additional round of testing one month after receiving cardiosphere–derived cells that came from young rats.

"The way the cells work to reverse aging is fascinating," Marbán said. "They secrete tiny vesicles that are chock–full of signaling molecules such as RNA and proteins. The vesicles from young cells appear to contain all the needed instructions to turn back the clock."

Results of those tests show lab rats that received the cardiosphere–derived cells:

• Experienced improved heart function
• Demonstrated longer heart cell telomeres, compound structures located at the ends of chromosomes that shrink with age
• Improved their exercise capacity by an average of approximately 20 percent
• Regrew hair faster than rats that didn't receive the cells

"This study didn't measure whether receiving the cardiosphere–derived cells extended lifespans, so we have a lot more work to do," said Lilian Grigorian–Shamagian, MD, PhD, co–primary investigator and the first author of the study. "We have much to study, including whether CDCs need to come from a young donor to have the same rejuvenating effects and whether the extracellular vesicles are able to reproduce all the rejuvenating effects we detect with CDCs."

Since Marbán's team completed the world's first cardiac stem cell infusion in 2009, the Cedars–Sinai Heart Institute has made significant contributions to decoding and understanding how cardiac stem cells regenerate damaged heart muscle. The team is studying the use of stem cells to treat patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy as well as patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a condition that affects more than 50 percent of all heart failure patients.

The process to grow cardiac–derived stem cells was developed by Marbán when he was on the faculty of Johns Hopkins University and further developed at Cedars–Sinai. Capricor has licensed the process from Johns Hopkins and from Cedars–Sinai for clinical and commercial development. Capricor has licensed additional intellectual property from Cedars–Sinai and the University of Rome. Cedars–Sinai and Marbán have financial interests in Capricor.