Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to multiple traumatic events. This is the conclusion arrived at by an international team of researchers led by psychologists Dr. Thole Hoppen and Prof Nexhmedin Morina from the Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy at the University of Münster.

The efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions for treating PTSD in adults has been well-documented in various studies. However, until now, it had not been established whether the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions varies depending on whether the disorder is caused by one single event—for example, a traffic accident—or by multiple traumatic events such as during warfare or repeated incidents of sexual or physical violence.

The meta-analysis, carried out based on data from around 10,600 patients, has been published in The Lancet Psychiatry.

In this study, the team of researchers—which also included Prof Richard Meiser-Stedman from the University of East Anglia (UK), Dr. Ahlke Kip from the University of Münster, and Prof Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland from the Research Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies in Norway—evaluated 137 empirical articles published over the past four decades on the treatment of PTSD in adults.

Nexhmedin Morina concludes, "The data show that several psychological interventions are highly effective in treating PTSD following multiple traumatic events—in fact, they are about as effective as when the PTSD follows a single trauma."

These results had, to date, only been reported for the treatment of children and adolescents with PTSD. Now, this study confirms that it also applies in the treatment of PTSD in adults. This is "very encouraging news" for both patients and therapists.

Around four percent of the global population suffers from PTSD as a result of traumatic events. The characteristic symptoms of PTSD include distressing intrusive traumatic memories, avoidance behavior and difficulty with emotional regulation. The new findings have implications for the clinical practice and training of psychotherapists and mental health professionals more generally.

"Our data helps remove treatment barriers for patients with a history of multiple traumatic events," says Thole Hoppen. "In addition to patients' fear of talking about their traumatic experiences, some psychotherapists hesitate to directly address traumatic experiences during treatment," he adds.

"However, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy—a form of psychotherapy which helps process the traumatic memories—is not only very effective according to the accumulated data but more effective than non-trauma-focused interventions."

As a result, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is the first line of treatment recommended in national and international treatment guidelines. However, adds Hoppen, future research requires longer-term data to enable a more solid estimation of the long-term efficacy of the treatment.