A recently published study led by Wayne State University on a new approach to understanding chronic inflammation could lead to new advancements in the treatment of many debilitating medical conditions, including cancer.

The study, "Distinct aetiology of chronic inflammation -- implications on degenerative diseases and cancer therapy," was published in Frontiers in Immunology by Krishna Rao Maddipati, PhD, professor of pathology in the School of Medicine and director of the Lipidomics Core Facility.

Maddipati's research suggests that chronic inflammation is not merely a continuation of acute inflammation, which results from injury or disease, but that the two may have different origins within the body.

"This new hypothesis is called unalamation," said Maddipati. "The compounds that lead to inflammation in our body are always present in everyday healthy physiology, but they are under the control of anti-inflammatory compounds. Acute inflammation results from an increase of the inflammatory compounds at the site of an injury.

However, chronic inflammation, according to my studies, comes from a decrease of the anti-inflammatory compounds in a normal healthy physiological state. Because the balance of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds helps maintain a normal health state, the goal of treatment for chronic inflammation may not be to decrease inflammatory compounds but to find a way to increase anti-inflammatory compounds."

Acute inflammation is characterised by body temperature increases, swelling, redness and pain. Maddipati believes that looking at acute inflammation and chronic inflammation as having two separate causes could lead to vastly different, and potentially more effective, treatments for a variety of diseases, including cancer.

"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, may not be as effective with chronic inflammation as they are with acute inflammation," said Maddipati. "Most physicians think chronic inflammation is behind cancer development. If chronic inflammation is different from acute inflammation, it means that cancer treatment may need to be approached in a completely different way.

"The current mindset in treating cancer is to decrease inflammatory compounds, but anti-inflammatory compounds are still helping tissue proliferate so continued growth, including the growth of cancer tissue, may continue. If you inhibit anti-inflammatory compounds, the body may attack the growing tissue and clear it in an inflammatory response. It is important to remember that inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body. Inducing inflammation, in the proper way, may fight cancer by encouraging the body's own immune responses."