Expanding access to high-quality healthcare in the US has become a major priority for health organizations like the AMA.

AMA adopts new policy to increase diversity in physician workforce. American Medical Association. June 17, 2021.

One way to achieve this is by diversifying the physician workforce, which academic institutions have promoted through diversity pathway programs.

 

The COVID-19 pandemic, however, may have compromised these programs, according to research published by JAMA Network Open in 2022.

Batra S, Orban J, Raichur S, et al. Association of the COVID-19 pandemic with medical school diversity pathway programs. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(8):e2229086.

As researchers discover how the pandemic has affected diversity pathway programs, residents may play a key role in securing diversity among physicians through peer mentorship.

 

 

Role of diversity pathway programs

Medical publications have long voiced the need for greater diversity among physicians.

This call to action reached a height during 2020, when the death of George Floyd brought national attention to the systemic oppression faced by Black people in healthcare and beyond.

“What led me to this specialty and disease-site specialization was the firsthand observation that Black men in the US suffer the highest incidence of prostate cancer globally and have a death rate twice that of White men, and the apparent ignorance of or apathy about these disparities that I perceived during my training,” radiation oncologist Curtiland Deville Jr., MD wrote in a 2020 article published by JAMA Internal Medicine.

Deville C Jr. The suffocating state of physician workforce diversity: Why “I can’t breathe.” JAMA Internal Medicine. 2020;180(11):1418–1419.

 

The recent health disparities and inequities during the [COVID-19] pandemic and the blatant racial and social injustices that have caused multiple Black lives to be unnecessarily killed before our eyes have also affirmed my passion and call to workforce diversity as a means to address health equity.

In response to the call for greater diversity in the physician workforce, many academic institutions have established diversity pathway programs, also known as enrichment, pipeline, or pre-professional programs.

But these programs, which involve mentorship, academic enrichment, financial support, psychosocial support, and career exposure opportunities, are losing steam, according to the JAMA Network Open article. The primary suspect? COVID-19.

 

 

COVID-19’s effect on diversity pathway programs

To determine the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on these programs, investigators developed a survey using input from 12 administrators and leaders of diversity pathway programs at medical, osteopathic, and allopathic schools. It was sent to nearly 200 schools, of which 112 responded.

The results, included in the 2022 JAMA Network Open article, showed a general decrease in diversity pathway programming since the emergence of COVID-19, compared with the year prior—nearly 40% of the schools had reduced their pathway programs.

Of the 106 schools that kept their programs going throughout the pandemic, 23 (21.7%) reported reduced funding (including support withheld or scheduled for a later time) during COVID-19. The majority, however (67.0%), had no change in funding, and nine of the schools (8.5%) reported an uptick in funding.

Certain aspects of the programs occurred less frequently during the pandemic—particularly shadowing, internships, and other hands-on experiences. The absence of these opportunities can be especially hard on students underrepresented in medicine (URiM); shadowing, for example, is frequently required for medical school admission.

The findings of this study suggest that COVID-19 disrupted diversity pathway programs in medical schools, the long-term effects of which will require further research.

 

 

Mentorship matters

In the wake of COVID-19’s impact on diversity pathway programs, research points to mentorship as a strategy that clinicians in training can use to foster diversity in the physician workforce.

According to a study published by the Journal of the National Medical Association, mentorship is a tried-and-true method for facilitating personal and professional development.

Haggins A, Sandhu G, Ross PT. Value of near-peer mentorship from protégé and mentor perspectives: a strategy to increase physician workforce diversity. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2018;110(4):399–406.

 

The study examined the mentor-mentee relationships between medical students and high school protégés through the University of Michigan Doctors of Tomorrow program. The researchers wrote that effective mentorship was marked by regular contact (both in-person and electronic), shared non-academic interests, and commitment to a prolonged relationship.

However, the study found that students from URiM communities often lacked access to mentors. The researchers suggested that by engaging in near-peer mentorship with URiM high school students, medical students may help their mentees cultivate an interest in pursuing healthcare careers.