Chromosome rearrangements drive formation and growth of colorectal cancer
Weill Cornell Medical College News Jul 22, 2017
Genetic mutations caused by rearranged chromosomes drive the development and growth of certain colorectal cancers, according to new research conducted by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators.
Many of the genetic mutations present in colorectal cancer have been known for decades. But their exact role in cancerÂs development and progression has not been clear. ÂWe knew that these mutations existed, but not whether they contribute to the disease, said Dr. Lukas Dow, an assistant professor of biochemistry in medicine and a member of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine. ÂSo we are interested in whether they are actually driving cancer and whether they can potentially be targets for drugs that treat it.Â
In a paper published July 11 in the journal Nature Communications, Dr. Dow and his colleagues describe how large pieces of chromosomes are deleted or inverted, resulting in new, mutated so–called fusion genes created from parts of two other genes that are responsible for the formation of some colon cancers.
The researchers used the gene editing technology CRISPR, which allows scientists to easily alter any piece of DNA in an organism, to cut the DNA in normal human intestinal cells and create fusion genes. In this way, they engineered the genetic mutations in two genes  Rspo2 and Rspo3  known to be associated with colorectal cancer. They then created mice containing these genes in order to study the genes effect on colon cancer development.
Though CRISPR has received a lot of attention in the last several years, this is the first time the tool has been used this way. ÂWe created the first CRISPR–based transgenic animal model for inducing large–scale chromosomal rearrangements, Dr. Dow said.
These chromosomal rearrangements in the Rspo genes did in fact initiate growth of colon cancer in the mice. The mice containing the engineered genes developed multiple precancerous tumors that are the precursors to colorectal cancer. ÂThis is the first evidence that these specific fusions can drive tumor development, Dr. Dow said.
Dr. DowÂs team went on to treat the mice that developed cancer with an experimental drug, LGK974, which blocks a protein necessary for Rspo fusion genes to cause disease. ÂThe tumors shrank and the mice were fine as long as they continued to take LGK974, Dr. Dow said. In addition, the drug only suppressed growth of the cancer cells; it had no obvious negative effect on healthy cells in the mouse intestine.
The studyÂs results hold particular promise for the treatment of colorectal cancer in humans, Dr. Dow said. This form of cancer has historically been a difficult disease to treat. Chemotherapy drugs have limited impact against colorectal cancer and developing targeted therapies  drugs that target aspects of cancer cells that make them different from healthy cells  has proven difficult. ÂOur results give us confidence that if we can deliver LGK974 effectively to patients with these fusion genes, Dr. Dow said, Âthen we should be able to see some tumor response with these targeted agents."
Go to Original
Many of the genetic mutations present in colorectal cancer have been known for decades. But their exact role in cancerÂs development and progression has not been clear. ÂWe knew that these mutations existed, but not whether they contribute to the disease, said Dr. Lukas Dow, an assistant professor of biochemistry in medicine and a member of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine. ÂSo we are interested in whether they are actually driving cancer and whether they can potentially be targets for drugs that treat it.Â
In a paper published July 11 in the journal Nature Communications, Dr. Dow and his colleagues describe how large pieces of chromosomes are deleted or inverted, resulting in new, mutated so–called fusion genes created from parts of two other genes that are responsible for the formation of some colon cancers.
The researchers used the gene editing technology CRISPR, which allows scientists to easily alter any piece of DNA in an organism, to cut the DNA in normal human intestinal cells and create fusion genes. In this way, they engineered the genetic mutations in two genes  Rspo2 and Rspo3  known to be associated with colorectal cancer. They then created mice containing these genes in order to study the genes effect on colon cancer development.
Though CRISPR has received a lot of attention in the last several years, this is the first time the tool has been used this way. ÂWe created the first CRISPR–based transgenic animal model for inducing large–scale chromosomal rearrangements, Dr. Dow said.
These chromosomal rearrangements in the Rspo genes did in fact initiate growth of colon cancer in the mice. The mice containing the engineered genes developed multiple precancerous tumors that are the precursors to colorectal cancer. ÂThis is the first evidence that these specific fusions can drive tumor development, Dr. Dow said.
Dr. DowÂs team went on to treat the mice that developed cancer with an experimental drug, LGK974, which blocks a protein necessary for Rspo fusion genes to cause disease. ÂThe tumors shrank and the mice were fine as long as they continued to take LGK974, Dr. Dow said. In addition, the drug only suppressed growth of the cancer cells; it had no obvious negative effect on healthy cells in the mouse intestine.
The studyÂs results hold particular promise for the treatment of colorectal cancer in humans, Dr. Dow said. This form of cancer has historically been a difficult disease to treat. Chemotherapy drugs have limited impact against colorectal cancer and developing targeted therapies  drugs that target aspects of cancer cells that make them different from healthy cells  has proven difficult. ÂOur results give us confidence that if we can deliver LGK974 effectively to patients with these fusion genes, Dr. Dow said, Âthen we should be able to see some tumor response with these targeted agents."
Only Doctors with an M3 India account can read this article. Sign up for free or login with your existing account.
4 reasons why Doctors love M3 India
-
Exclusive Write-ups & Webinars by KOLs
-
Daily Quiz by specialty
-
Paid Market Research Surveys
-
Case discussions, News & Journals' summaries