Research led by the Centenary Institute in Sydney, Australia, has found a brand new target for treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB); scientists have uncovered that the TB bacterium hijacks platelets from the body's blood-clotting system to weaken the immune system.

TB is far from eradicated around the world and still infects more than 1,400 people per year in Australia. Antibiotic-resistant TB is particularly deadly and expensive to treat, costing up to $250,000 to treat a single case in Australia. Scientists at the Centenary Institute have been working on new ways to treat TB by increasing the effectiveness of the immune system.

Using the zebrafish model of TB, the researchers used fluorescent microscopy to observe the build-up of clots and activation of platelets around sites of infection. Senior author and head of the Centenary's Immune-Vascular Interactions laboratory, Dr, Stefan Oehlers, says that "the zebrafish gives us literal insight into disease processes by watching cells interacting in real time."

Following their hunch that these platelets were being tricked by the infection into getting in the way of the body's immune system, the researchers treated infections with antiplatelet drugs, including widely available aspirin, and were able to prevent hijacking and allow the body to control infection better.

Dr. Elinor Hortle, lead author of the paper published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, and research officer in Centenary's Immune-Vascular Interactions laboratory, says, "This is the first time that platelets have been found to worsen TB in an animal model. It opens up the possibility that antiplatelet drugs could be used to help the immune system fight off drug-resistant TB."

There are over 1.2 million Australians living with latent tuberculosis, a non-infectious form of TB that puts them at risk of developing the active disease. "Our study provides more crucial evidence that widely available aspirin could be used to treat patients with severe tuberculosis infection and save lives," says Dr. Hortle.